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为研究高蛋白棉粕(CSM)和棉籽蛋白(CSP)替代豆粕(SBM)氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、屠宰性能、器官指数以及经济效益的影响。选用1日龄健康良凤花黄羽肉公鸡5760只，随机分组，对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕饲粮(SBM组)，试验组用高蛋白CSM和CSP分别等蛋白替代对照组饲粮中50%和100%的SBM，并平衡6种必需氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸)进行饲喂。与SBM组相比，1～21日龄CSM100组和22～42日龄CSP50组平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05)，各组平均日增重和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。CSP50组血清中尿素氮、CSP100组血清中总胆红素与SBM组相比显著升高(P<0.05)，各组间总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酸、甘油三脂、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、葡萄糖差异均不显著(P>0.05)。与SBM组相比，CSM100、CSP50和CSP100组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05),CSM100组腿肌率显著降低，而CSP100腿肌率组显著增加(P<0.05)，各组间屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。CSM50组肝脏指数与SBM组相比显著升高，而法氏囊指数显著降低(P<0.05);CSM100组法氏囊指数与SBM组相比显著升高(P<0.05),CSP50和CSP100组睾丸指数与SBM组相比显著降低(P<0.05)，而胸腺和肌胃指数显著升高(P<0.05)，各组间心脏、脾脏及胰腺指数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。与SBM组相比，CSM100组饲料总成本显著降低(P<0.05),CSM50和CSM100组毛利润分别显著增加0.27和0.55元/只，CSP50和CSP100组毛利润分别显著增加0.76和0.07元/只。综上，高蛋白CSM和CSP氨基酸平衡饲粮可以全替代黄羽肉鸡饲粮中的豆粕，对其生产性能无不良影响，且可以降低饲养成本，提高经济效益。
Abstract：This study aims to investigate the effects of high-protein cottonseed meal(CSM) and cottonseed protein(CSP) replacing soybean meal(SBM) in amino acid-balanced diets on growth performance, serum biochemistry, slaughter traits, organ indices, and economic efficiency in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 5760 one-day-old male Liangfenghua broilers were randomly assigned to groups and assigned to three dietary treatments: Control: Corn-SBM basal diet, CSM50/CSP50: 50% SBM protein replaced by CSM/CSP, CSM100/CSP100: 100% SBM protein replaced by CSM/CSP, Diets were balanced for six essential amino acids(Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, Ile). Compared with the SBM group, the average daily feed intake of the CSM100 group at 1-21 days of age and the CSP50 group at 22-42 days of age was significantly lower(P<0. 05), while there were no significant differences in average daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio among the groups; Serum urea nitrogen in the CSP50 group and total bilirubin in the CSP100 group were significantly elevated(P<0. 05), while there were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and glucose; The abdominal fat percentage was significantly lower in the CSM100, CSP50, and CSP100 groups(P<0. 05). The leg muscle percentage was significantly lower in the CSM100 group and significantly higher in the CSP100 group(P<0. 05). There were no significant differences in slaughter rate, semi-evisceration rate, full evisceration rate, and breast muscle percentage among the groups; The liver index was significantly increased in the CSM50 group, while the bursa of Fabricius index was significantly decreased(P<0. 05); The bursa of Fabricius index was significantly increased in the CSM100 group(P<0. 05), while the testis index was significantly decreased in the CSP50 and CSP100 groups(P<0. 05), and the thymus and gizzard indices were significantly increased(P<0. 05). There were no significant differences in heart, spleen, and pancreas indices among the groups; The total feed cost was significantly reduced in the CSM100 group(P<0. 05). The gross profit increased by 0. 27 and 0. 55 yuan/bird in the CSM50 and CSM100 groups, respectively, and by 0. 76 and 0. 07 yuan/bird in the CSP50 and CSP100 groups, respectively. In summary,high-protein CSM and CSP can replace 100% of SBM in amino acid-balanced diets without compromising growth performance, effectively reduces production costs and improves economic efficiency in yellow-feathered broilers.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20088/j.cnki.jxau.2024.06.004
中图分类号:S831.5
引用信息:
[1]聂晓航,李嘉盛,魏夏晗,等.高蛋白棉粕和棉籽蛋白替代豆粕氨基酸平衡饲粮在黄羽肉鸡上的应用[J].新疆农业大学学报,2024,47(06):445-456.DOI:10.20088/j.cnki.jxau.2024.06.004.
基金信息:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B02057-3）; 新疆农业大学大学生创新项目（dxscx2024226）