新疆农业大学学报

解析新疆喀什地区62份巴旦木(Prunus dulcis)种质资源的表型遗传多样性,筛选表型特异及综合性状优异的种质。以62份巴旦木种质为材料,系统测定16个数量性状和22个质量性状,结合变异系数、Shannon-Weaver指数、Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析及模糊隶属函数法,对其表型多样性进行全面分析与综合评价。62份巴旦木种质表型遗传多样性丰富:物候期综合变异系数4.50%～26.56%,质量性状多样性指数0.42～1.40,核果形状多样性最丰富(1.40);数量性状变异系数为14.26%～136.58%,双仁率变异系数最高(136.58%)。相关性分析表明,单果重与核果横径、核果厚度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),出仁率与双仁率呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。主成分分析已提取5个特征值>1的主成分,累计贡献率达77.795%,第1主成分反映果实大小与重量的综合特征,第2主成分反映果仁和核果厚度,第3主成分反映叶片大小与核果形态特征,第4主成分反映出仁效率与叶柄形态特征,第5主成分反映果仁大小。通过主成分与隶属函数评价相结合,筛选出巴旦王、纸皮、双软、索诺拉、克西、极软壳6份综合表现优异的种质。

To analyze the phenotypic genetic diversity of 62 almond(Prunus dulcis) germplasms from Kashgar,Xinjiang,and screen germplasms with specific phenotypes and excellent comprehensive traits for innovative utilization and targeted breeding. Using 62 almond accessions as materials,we systematically measured 16 quantitative and 22 qualitative traits covering phenology,vegetative/reproductive organs and core economic traits. Phenotypic diversity was evaluated by coefficient of variation(CV),Shannon-Weaver index,Pearson correlation,principal component analysis(PCA) and fuzzy membership function. The 62 germplasms showed abundant diversity:phenological CV 4.50%-26.56%,qualitative trait diversity index 0.42-1.40,quantitative trait CV 14.26%-136.58%(highest in double-kernel rate). Significant correlations existed between related traits. Five principal components(eigenvalue>1) were extracted,accounting for 77.795% of total variance. The first principal component reflected the combined characteristics of fruit size and weight; the second principal component reflected the thickness of the kernel and drupe; the third principal component reflected leaf size and drupe morphological features; the fourth principal component reflected kernel efficiency and petiole morphological features; and the fifth principal component reflected kernel size. By combining principal component analysis with membership function evaluation,six excellent core germplasms lines—Badanwang,Zhipi,Shuangruan,Sonora,Kexi,and extremely soft shell were finally screened.