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为阐明鲤浮肿病(CEVD)在新疆部分地区的流行病学特征与鲤浮肿病毒(CEV)的分子进化规律,本研究于2024年10月至2025年9月采集乌鲁木齐、伊犁、昌吉等地养殖场的5个品种共296份鱼类样本,利用基于P4a基因的巢式PCR检测CEV,并对阳性扩增产物测序,结合GenBank参考序列进行同源性分析与系统进化树构建。结果显示,CEV感染呈现显著季节与品种差异,夏秋季为高发期(2025年8月阳性率31.82%,9月40.00%),春季湖面解冻期仅出现局部高峰(15.00%),冬季无感染;鲤鱼阳性率最高(20.50%),其次为鲫鱼(13.16%)和鲢鱼(4.17%)。进化分析表明,获得的9株新疆毒株(CEV XJ001～CEV XJ009)均属于Ⅱa基因型,与国内Ⅱa流行株核苷酸同源性达96.90%～98.90%,而与Ⅱb亚型及Ⅰ型毒株遗传距离较远。本研究初步揭示了新疆CEV感染呈夏秋季高发、冬季无感染、春季局部小高峰的季节特征,鲤鱼最易感;9株本地毒株均属Ⅱa基因型,与国内Ⅱa流行株亲缘关系近。研究结果为新疆鲤浮肿病毒精准监测、宿主管控与分型防控提供直接数据支撑。
Abstract：To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and molecular evolutionary patterns of carp edema virus(CEV) in selected areas of Xinjiang,this study collected 296 fish samples across five species from markets and farms in Urumqi,Ili,Changji,and other locations. Nesting PCR based on the P4a gene was employed to detect CEV,with sequencing of positive amplification products. Homology analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were conducted using GenBank reference sequences. Results revealed significant seasonal and species-specific variations in CEV infection,peak incidence occurred during summer and autumn(31. 82% positivity in August 2025,40. 00% in September),with only a localised spring surge(15. 00%) during lake thawing periods and no infections in winter. Carp exhibited the highest positivity rate(20. 50%),followed by crucian carp(13. 16%) and silver carp(4. 17%). Molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that all nine Xinjiang strains(CEV XJ001-CEV XJ009) belonged to genotype Ⅱa,exhibiting nucleotide homology of 97. 50%-98. 90% with prevalent domestic Ⅱa strains,while showing greater genetic divergence from subtype Ⅱb and genotype Ⅰ strains. This study preliminarily elucidates the epidemiological patterns and genotypic affiliations of CEV in Xinjiang,filling a gap in regional CEV-related research. This provides crucial scientific evidence for formulating targeted disease surveillance programmes and optimising prevention strategies locally. It holds significant practical and applied value for safeguarding the healthy and sustainable development of Xinjiang's Cyprinidae aquaculture industry and mitigating economic losses from disease outbreaks.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20088/j.cnki.jxau.2026.01.003
中图分类号:S943
引用信息:
[1]陆正红,王亚琪,邹聪,等.新疆部分地区鲤浮肿病流行病学调查及遗传进化分析[J].新疆农业大学学报,2026,49(01):18-24.DOI:10.20088/j.cnki.jxau.2026.01.003.
基金信息:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2023B02012-2)
2026-05-07
2026-05-07
2026-05-07