新疆农业大学学报

为明确主栽品种灰枣与地方特色品种喀什葛尔小枣果实成熟过程的品质差异及加工适配性,本研究系统分析2个品种不同成熟阶段品质特征及枣抗氧化活性的变化规律。以喀什地区的灰枣和喀什葛尔小枣为试材,依据成熟度划分为白熟期、半红期和全红期3个阶段,测定单果质量、果形指数、色泽指数、硬度、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、总黄酮、总酚等品质指标,及2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS⁺)自由基清除率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率与铁离子还原/抗氧化(FRAP总抗氧化)能力等抗氧化活性指标。结果表明,随果实成熟,2个品种色泽指数逐渐升高;全红期可溶性糖含量最高,可滴定酸含量则呈相反趋势;维生素C、总黄酮和总酚等抗氧化活性物质含量随成熟度增加逐步下降。2个品种的ABTS⁺、DPPH自由基清除率与FRAP总抗氧化能力均随成熟进程显著递减,且各抗氧化活性指标间呈显著强相关,维生素C、总黄酮、总酚含量与上述抗氧化活性指标间也存在密切关联,且两类指标均在白熟期达到峰值。研究补充了喀什葛尔小枣等地方品种的品质动态数据,为特色枣果资源的精准利用提供了品种层面的参考。

To clarify the quality differences and processing adaptability of the main cultivar Huizao and the local specialty cultivar Kashigeerxiaozao during fruit ripening,this study systematically analyzed the changes in quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of jujube fruits at different ripening stages. Using Huizao and Kashigeerxiaozao from the Kashgar region as test materials,fruits were divided into three ripening stages: white ripe stage,half-red stage,and full-red stage. Quality indicators including single fruit weight,fruit shape index,color index,firmness,soluble sugar,titratable acid,vitamin C,total flavonoids,and total phenols,as well as antioxidant activity indicators such as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS⁺) radical scavenging rate,1,1'-azino-bis(trinitrophenyl) hydrazine(DPPH) radical scavenging rate,and iron ion reduction/antioxidant(FRAP total antioxidant) capacity were determined. The results showed that with fruit ripening,the color index of both cultivars gradually increased;soluble sugar content reached the highest level at the full-red stage,while titratable acid content showed the opposite trend;the contents of antioxidant active substances including vitamin C,total flavonoids,and total phenols decreased gradually with increasing ripeness. The ABTS⁺,DPPH radical scavenging rates and FRAP total antioxidant capacity of both cultivars decreased significantly with ripening progress,and there were significant strong correlations among all antioxidant activity indicators. Close correlations were also observed between the contents of vitamin C,total flavonoids,total phenols and the above antioxidant activity indicators,with both types of indicators peaking at the white ripe stage. This study supplemented the quality dynamic data of local varieties such as Kashigeerxiaozao,and provided a reference at the variety level for the accurate utilization of characteristic jujube resources.